A sole trader's business profit is added to any other income and taxed at individual rates. Two things then change the result:
Small business income tax offset: 16% of the tax on your business profit, up to $1,000, if turnover is under $5 million.
Other income: business profit sits on top of your wage, so it is taxed at your highest rate. The "set aside" figure is only the extra tax caused by the business.
Once your tax bill is large enough, the ATO puts you into PAYG instalments and asks for tax quarterly, based on your last return.